subspace_networking/
constructor.rs

1pub(crate) mod temporary_bans;
2mod transport;
3
4use crate::behavior::persistent_parameters::{KnownPeersRegistry, StubNetworkingParametersManager};
5use crate::behavior::{Behavior, BehaviorConfig};
6use crate::constructor::temporary_bans::TemporaryBans;
7use crate::constructor::transport::build_transport;
8use crate::node::Node;
9use crate::node_runner::{NodeRunner, NodeRunnerConfig};
10use crate::protocols::autonat_wrapper::Config as AutonatWrapperConfig;
11use crate::protocols::request_response::request_response_factory::RequestHandler;
12use crate::protocols::reserved_peers::Config as ReservedPeersConfig;
13use crate::shared::Shared;
14use crate::utils::rate_limiter::RateLimiter;
15use crate::utils::{SubspaceMetrics, strip_peer_id};
16use backoff::{ExponentialBackoff, SystemClock};
17use futures::channel::mpsc;
18use libp2p::autonat::Config as AutonatConfig;
19use libp2p::connection_limits::ConnectionLimits;
20use libp2p::gossipsub::{
21    Config as GossipsubConfig, ConfigBuilder as GossipsubConfigBuilder,
22    Message as GossipsubMessage, MessageId, ValidationMode,
23};
24use libp2p::identify::Config as IdentifyConfig;
25use libp2p::kad::store::RecordStore;
26use libp2p::kad::{
27    BucketInserts, Config as KademliaConfig, Mode, ProviderRecord, Record, RecordKey, StoreInserts,
28    store,
29};
30use libp2p::metrics::Metrics;
31use libp2p::multiaddr::Protocol;
32use libp2p::yamux::Config as YamuxConfig;
33use libp2p::{Multiaddr, PeerId, StreamProtocol, SwarmBuilder, TransportError, identity};
34use parking_lot::Mutex;
35use prometheus_client::registry::Registry;
36use std::borrow::Cow;
37use std::iter::Empty;
38use std::sync::Arc;
39use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
40use std::{fmt, io, iter};
41use subspace_core_primitives::hashes;
42use subspace_core_primitives::pieces::Piece;
43use thiserror::Error;
44use tracing::{debug, error, info};
45
46const DEFAULT_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_VERSION: &str = "dev";
47const KADEMLIA_PROTOCOL: &str = "/subspace/kad/0.1.0";
48const GOSSIPSUB_PROTOCOL_PREFIX: &str = "subspace/gossipsub";
49
50/// Defines max_negotiating_inbound_streams constant for the swarm.
51/// It must be set for large plots.
52const SWARM_MAX_NEGOTIATING_INBOUND_STREAMS: usize = 100000;
53/// How long will connection be allowed to be open without any usage
54const IDLE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
55/// The default maximum established incoming connection number for the swarm.
56const SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_INCOMING_CONNECTIONS: u32 = 100;
57/// The default maximum established incoming connection number for the swarm.
58const SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_OUTGOING_CONNECTIONS: u32 = 100;
59/// The default maximum pending incoming connection number for the swarm.
60const SWARM_MAX_PENDING_INCOMING_CONNECTIONS: u32 = 80;
61/// The default maximum pending incoming connection number for the swarm.
62const SWARM_MAX_PENDING_OUTGOING_CONNECTIONS: u32 = 80;
63const KADEMLIA_QUERY_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(40);
64const SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_CONNECTIONS_PER_PEER: u32 = 3;
65const MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS_PER_CONNECTION: usize = 10;
66// TODO: Consider moving this constant to configuration or removing `Toggle` wrapper when we find a
67//  use-case for gossipsub protocol.
68const ENABLE_GOSSIP_PROTOCOL: bool = false;
69
70const TEMPORARY_BANS_CACHE_SIZE: u32 = 10_000;
71const TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_INITIAL_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
72const TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_RANDOMIZATION_FACTOR: f64 = 0.1;
73const TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER: f64 = 1.5;
74const TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
75
76/// We pause between reserved peers dialing otherwise we could do multiple dials to offline peers
77/// wasting resources and producing a ton of log records.
78const DIALING_INTERVAL_IN_SECS: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
79
80/// Specific YAMUX settings for Subspace applications: additional buffer space for pieces and
81/// substream's limit.
82///
83/// Defines a replication factor for Kademlia on get_record operation.
84/// "Good citizen" supports the network health.
85const YAMUX_MAX_STREAMS: usize = 256;
86
87/// Max confidence for autonat protocol. Could affect Kademlia mode change.
88pub(crate) const AUTONAT_MAX_CONFIDENCE: usize = 3;
89/// We set a very long pause before autonat initialization (Duration::Max panics).
90const AUTONAT_SERVER_PROBE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3600 * 24 * 365);
91
92/// Defines Kademlia mode
93#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
94pub enum KademliaMode {
95    /// The Kademlia mode is static for the duration of the application.
96    Static(Mode),
97    /// Kademlia mode will be changed using Autonat protocol when max confidence reached.
98    Dynamic,
99}
100
101impl KademliaMode {
102    /// Returns true if the mode is Dynamic.
103    pub fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool {
104        matches!(self, Self::Dynamic)
105    }
106
107    /// Returns true if the mode is Static.
108    pub fn is_static(&self) -> bool {
109        matches!(self, Self::Static(..))
110    }
111}
112
113pub(crate) struct DummyRecordStore;
114
115impl RecordStore for DummyRecordStore {
116    type RecordsIter<'a>
117        = Empty<Cow<'a, Record>>
118    where
119        Self: 'a;
120    type ProvidedIter<'a>
121        = Empty<Cow<'a, ProviderRecord>>
122    where
123        Self: 'a;
124
125    #[inline]
126    fn get(&self, _key: &RecordKey) -> Option<Cow<'_, Record>> {
127        // Not supported
128        None
129    }
130
131    #[inline]
132    fn put(&mut self, _record: Record) -> store::Result<()> {
133        // Not supported
134        Ok(())
135    }
136
137    #[inline]
138    fn remove(&mut self, _key: &RecordKey) {
139        // Not supported
140    }
141
142    #[inline]
143    fn records(&self) -> Self::RecordsIter<'_> {
144        // Not supported
145        iter::empty()
146    }
147
148    #[inline]
149    fn add_provider(&mut self, _record: ProviderRecord) -> store::Result<()> {
150        // Not supported
151        Ok(())
152    }
153
154    #[inline]
155    fn providers(&self, _key: &RecordKey) -> Vec<ProviderRecord> {
156        // Not supported
157        Vec::new()
158    }
159
160    #[inline]
161    fn provided(&self) -> Self::ProvidedIter<'_> {
162        // Not supported
163        iter::empty()
164    }
165
166    #[inline]
167    fn remove_provider(&mut self, _key: &RecordKey, _provider: &PeerId) {
168        // Not supported
169    }
170}
171
172/// [`Node`] configuration.
173pub struct Config {
174    /// Identity keypair of a node used for authenticated connections.
175    pub keypair: identity::Keypair,
176    /// List of [`Multiaddr`] on which to listen for incoming connections.
177    pub listen_on: Vec<Multiaddr>,
178    /// Fallback to random port if specified (or default) port is already occupied.
179    pub listen_on_fallback_to_random_port: bool,
180    /// Adds a timeout to the setup and protocol upgrade process for all inbound and outbound
181    /// connections established through the transport.
182    pub timeout: Duration,
183    /// The configuration for the Identify behaviour.
184    pub identify: IdentifyConfig,
185    /// The configuration for the Kademlia behaviour.
186    pub kademlia: KademliaConfig,
187    /// The configuration for the Gossip behaviour.
188    pub gossipsub: Option<GossipsubConfig>,
189    /// Yamux multiplexing configuration.
190    pub yamux_config: YamuxConfig,
191    /// Should non-global addresses be added to the DHT?
192    pub allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht: bool,
193    /// How frequently should random queries be done using Kademlia DHT to populate routing table.
194    pub initial_random_query_interval: Duration,
195    /// A reference to the `NetworkingParametersRegistry` implementation.
196    pub known_peers_registry: Box<dyn KnownPeersRegistry>,
197    /// The configuration for the `RequestResponsesBehaviour` protocol.
198    pub request_response_protocols: Vec<Box<dyn RequestHandler>>,
199    /// Defines set of peers with a permanent connection (and reconnection if necessary).
200    pub reserved_peers: Vec<Multiaddr>,
201    /// Established incoming swarm connection limit.
202    pub max_established_incoming_connections: u32,
203    /// Established outgoing swarm connection limit.
204    pub max_established_outgoing_connections: u32,
205    /// Pending incoming swarm connection limit.
206    pub max_pending_incoming_connections: u32,
207    /// Pending outgoing swarm connection limit.
208    pub max_pending_outgoing_connections: u32,
209    /// How many temporarily banned unreachable peers to keep in memory.
210    pub temporary_bans_cache_size: u32,
211    /// Backoff policy for temporary banning of unreachable peers.
212    pub temporary_ban_backoff: ExponentialBackoff,
213    /// Optional libp2p prometheus metrics. None will disable metrics gathering.
214    pub libp2p_metrics: Option<Metrics>,
215    /// Internal prometheus metrics. None will disable metrics gathering.
216    pub metrics: Option<SubspaceMetrics>,
217    /// Defines protocol version for the network peers. Affects network partition.
218    pub protocol_version: String,
219    /// Addresses to bootstrap Kademlia network
220    pub bootstrap_addresses: Vec<Multiaddr>,
221    /// Kademlia mode. The default value is set to Static(Client). The peer won't add its address
222    /// to other peers` Kademlia routing table. Changing this behaviour implies that a peer can
223    /// provide pieces to others.
224    pub kademlia_mode: KademliaMode,
225    /// Known external addresses to the local peer. The addresses will be added on the swarm start
226    /// and enable peer to notify others about its reachable address.
227    pub external_addresses: Vec<Multiaddr>,
228}
229
230impl fmt::Debug for Config {
231    #[inline]
232    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
233        f.debug_struct("Config").finish()
234    }
235}
236
237/// This default can only be used for `dev` networks.
238/// Other networks should use `Config::new()` to apply the correct prefix to the protocol version.
239impl Default for Config {
240    #[inline]
241    fn default() -> Self {
242        let ed25519_keypair = identity::ed25519::Keypair::generate();
243        let keypair = identity::Keypair::from(ed25519_keypair);
244
245        Self::new(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_VERSION.to_string(), keypair, None)
246    }
247}
248
249impl Config {
250    /// Creates a new [`Config`].
251    /// Applies a subspace-specific version prefix to the `protocol_version`.
252    pub fn new(
253        protocol_version: String,
254        keypair: identity::Keypair,
255        prometheus_registry: Option<&mut Registry>,
256    ) -> Self {
257        let (libp2p_metrics, metrics) = prometheus_registry
258            .map(|registry| {
259                (
260                    Some(Metrics::new(registry)),
261                    Some(SubspaceMetrics::new(registry)),
262                )
263            })
264            .unwrap_or((None, None));
265
266        let mut kademlia = KademliaConfig::new(
267            StreamProtocol::try_from_owned(KADEMLIA_PROTOCOL.to_owned())
268                .expect("Manual protocol name creation."),
269        );
270        kademlia
271            .set_query_timeout(KADEMLIA_QUERY_TIMEOUT)
272            .disjoint_query_paths(true)
273            .set_max_packet_size(2 * Piece::SIZE)
274            .set_kbucket_inserts(BucketInserts::Manual)
275            .set_record_filtering(StoreInserts::FilterBoth)
276            // We don't use records and providers publication.
277            .set_provider_record_ttl(None)
278            .set_provider_publication_interval(None)
279            .set_record_ttl(None)
280            .set_replication_interval(None);
281
282        let mut yamux_config = YamuxConfig::default();
283        yamux_config.set_max_num_streams(YAMUX_MAX_STREAMS);
284
285        let gossipsub = ENABLE_GOSSIP_PROTOCOL.then(|| {
286            GossipsubConfigBuilder::default()
287                .protocol_id_prefix(GOSSIPSUB_PROTOCOL_PREFIX)
288                // TODO: Do we want message signing?
289                .validation_mode(ValidationMode::None)
290                // To content-address message, we can take the hash of message and use it as an ID.
291                .message_id_fn(|message: &GossipsubMessage| {
292                    MessageId::from(*hashes::blake3_hash(&message.data))
293                })
294                .max_transmit_size(2 * 1024 * 1024) // 2MB
295                .build()
296                .expect("Default config for gossipsub is always correct; qed")
297        });
298
299        let protocol_version = format!("/subspace/2/{protocol_version}");
300        let identify = IdentifyConfig::new(protocol_version.clone(), keypair.public());
301
302        let temporary_ban_backoff = ExponentialBackoff {
303            current_interval: TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_INITIAL_INTERVAL,
304            initial_interval: TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_INITIAL_INTERVAL,
305            randomization_factor: TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_RANDOMIZATION_FACTOR,
306            multiplier: TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER,
307            max_interval: TEMPORARY_BANS_DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL,
308            start_time: Instant::now(),
309            max_elapsed_time: None,
310            clock: SystemClock::default(),
311        };
312
313        Self {
314            keypair,
315            listen_on: vec![],
316            listen_on_fallback_to_random_port: true,
317            timeout: Duration::from_secs(10),
318            identify,
319            kademlia,
320            gossipsub,
321            allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht: false,
322            initial_random_query_interval: Duration::from_secs(1),
323            known_peers_registry: StubNetworkingParametersManager.boxed(),
324            request_response_protocols: Vec::new(),
325            yamux_config,
326            reserved_peers: Vec::new(),
327            max_established_incoming_connections: SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_INCOMING_CONNECTIONS,
328            max_established_outgoing_connections: SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_OUTGOING_CONNECTIONS,
329            max_pending_incoming_connections: SWARM_MAX_PENDING_INCOMING_CONNECTIONS,
330            max_pending_outgoing_connections: SWARM_MAX_PENDING_OUTGOING_CONNECTIONS,
331            temporary_bans_cache_size: TEMPORARY_BANS_CACHE_SIZE,
332            temporary_ban_backoff,
333            libp2p_metrics,
334            metrics,
335            protocol_version,
336            bootstrap_addresses: Vec::new(),
337            kademlia_mode: KademliaMode::Static(Mode::Client),
338            external_addresses: Vec::new(),
339        }
340    }
341}
342
343/// Errors that might happen during network creation.
344#[derive(Debug, Error)]
345pub enum CreationError {
346    /// Circuit relay client error.
347    #[error("Expected relay server node.")]
348    RelayServerExpected,
349    /// I/O error.
350    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
351    Io(#[from] io::Error),
352    /// Transport creation error.
353    #[error("Transport creation error: {0}")]
354    // TODO: Restore `#[from] TransportError` once https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/issues/4824
355    //  is resolved
356    TransportCreationError(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>),
357    /// Transport error when attempting to listen on multiaddr.
358    #[error("Transport error when attempting to listen on multiaddr: {0}")]
359    TransportError(#[from] TransportError<io::Error>),
360}
361
362/// Converts public key from keypair to PeerId.
363/// It serves as the shared PeerId generating algorithm.
364pub fn peer_id(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> PeerId {
365    keypair.public().to_peer_id()
366}
367
368/// Create a new network node and node runner instances.
369pub fn construct(config: Config) -> Result<(Node, NodeRunner), CreationError> {
370    let Config {
371        keypair,
372        listen_on,
373        listen_on_fallback_to_random_port,
374        timeout,
375        identify,
376        kademlia,
377        gossipsub,
378        yamux_config,
379        allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht,
380        initial_random_query_interval,
381        known_peers_registry,
382        request_response_protocols,
383        reserved_peers,
384        max_established_incoming_connections,
385        max_established_outgoing_connections,
386        max_pending_incoming_connections,
387        max_pending_outgoing_connections,
388        temporary_bans_cache_size,
389        temporary_ban_backoff,
390        libp2p_metrics,
391        metrics,
392        protocol_version,
393        bootstrap_addresses,
394        kademlia_mode,
395        external_addresses,
396    } = config;
397    let local_peer_id = peer_id(&keypair);
398
399    info!(
400        %allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht,
401        peer_id = %local_peer_id,
402        %protocol_version,
403        "DSN instance configured."
404    );
405
406    let connection_limits = ConnectionLimits::default()
407        .with_max_established_per_peer(Some(SWARM_MAX_ESTABLISHED_CONNECTIONS_PER_PEER))
408        .with_max_pending_incoming(Some(max_pending_incoming_connections))
409        .with_max_pending_outgoing(Some(max_pending_outgoing_connections))
410        .with_max_established_incoming(Some(max_established_incoming_connections))
411        .with_max_established_outgoing(Some(max_established_outgoing_connections));
412
413    debug!(?connection_limits, "DSN connection limits set.");
414
415    let autonat_boot_delay = if kademlia_mode.is_static() || !external_addresses.is_empty() {
416        AUTONAT_SERVER_PROBE_DELAY
417    } else {
418        AutonatConfig::default().boot_delay
419    };
420
421    debug!(
422        ?autonat_boot_delay,
423        ?kademlia_mode,
424        ?external_addresses,
425        "Autonat boot delay set."
426    );
427
428    let mut behaviour = Behavior::new(BehaviorConfig {
429        peer_id: local_peer_id,
430        identify,
431        kademlia,
432        gossipsub,
433        request_response_protocols,
434        request_response_max_concurrent_streams: {
435            let max_num_connections = max_established_incoming_connections as usize
436                + max_established_outgoing_connections as usize;
437            max_num_connections * MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS_PER_CONNECTION
438        },
439        connection_limits,
440        reserved_peers: ReservedPeersConfig {
441            reserved_peers: reserved_peers.clone(),
442            dialing_interval: DIALING_INTERVAL_IN_SECS,
443        },
444        autonat: AutonatWrapperConfig {
445            inner_config: AutonatConfig {
446                use_connected: true,
447                only_global_ips: !config.allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht,
448                confidence_max: AUTONAT_MAX_CONFIDENCE,
449                boot_delay: autonat_boot_delay,
450                ..Default::default()
451            },
452            local_peer_id,
453            servers: bootstrap_addresses.clone(),
454        },
455    });
456
457    match (kademlia_mode, external_addresses.is_empty()) {
458        (KademliaMode::Static(mode), _) => {
459            behaviour.kademlia.set_mode(Some(mode));
460        }
461        (KademliaMode::Dynamic, false) => {
462            behaviour.kademlia.set_mode(Some(Mode::Server));
463        }
464        _ => {
465            // Autonat will figure it out
466        }
467    };
468
469    let temporary_bans = Arc::new(Mutex::new(TemporaryBans::new(
470        temporary_bans_cache_size,
471        temporary_ban_backoff,
472    )));
473
474    let mut swarm = SwarmBuilder::with_existing_identity(keypair)
475        .with_tokio()
476        .with_other_transport(|keypair| {
477            Ok(build_transport(
478                allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht,
479                keypair,
480                Arc::clone(&temporary_bans),
481                timeout,
482                yamux_config,
483            )?)
484        })
485        .map_err(|error| CreationError::TransportCreationError(error.into()))?
486        .with_behaviour(move |_keypair| Ok(behaviour))
487        .expect("Not fallible; qed")
488        .with_swarm_config(|config| {
489            config
490                .with_max_negotiating_inbound_streams(SWARM_MAX_NEGOTIATING_INBOUND_STREAMS)
491                .with_idle_connection_timeout(IDLE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT)
492        })
493        .build();
494
495    let is_listening = !listen_on.is_empty();
496
497    // Setup listen_on addresses
498    for mut addr in listen_on {
499        if let Err(error) = swarm.listen_on(addr.clone()) {
500            if !listen_on_fallback_to_random_port {
501                return Err(error.into());
502            }
503
504            let addr_string = addr.to_string();
505            // Listen on random port if specified is already occupied
506            if let Some(Protocol::Tcp(_port)) = addr.pop() {
507                info!("Failed to listen on {addr_string} ({error}), falling back to random port");
508                addr.push(Protocol::Tcp(0));
509                swarm.listen_on(addr)?;
510            }
511        }
512    }
513
514    // Setup external addresses
515    for addr in external_addresses.iter().cloned() {
516        info!("DSN external address added: {addr}");
517        swarm.add_external_address(addr);
518    }
519
520    // Create final structs
521    let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel(1);
522
523    let rate_limiter = RateLimiter::new(
524        max_established_outgoing_connections,
525        max_pending_outgoing_connections,
526    );
527
528    let shared = Arc::new(Shared::new(local_peer_id, command_sender, rate_limiter));
529    let shared_weak = Arc::downgrade(&shared);
530
531    let node = Node::new(shared);
532    let node_runner = NodeRunner::new(NodeRunnerConfig {
533        allow_non_global_addresses_in_dht,
534        is_listening,
535        command_receiver,
536        swarm,
537        shared_weak,
538        next_random_query_interval: initial_random_query_interval,
539        known_peers_registry,
540        reserved_peers: strip_peer_id(reserved_peers).into_iter().collect(),
541        temporary_bans,
542        libp2p_metrics,
543        metrics,
544        protocol_version,
545        bootstrap_addresses,
546    });
547
548    Ok((node, node_runner))
549}